中华武术独特的发力方式及其原理

The unique ways and principles of power explosion of Chinese Wushu

为探寻传统的中华武术技击精华,总结提炼中华武术的主要发力方式,并解析发力原理。研究认为:中华武术存在两种完全不同的发力方式,其一是以根节为起点,由下而上节节贯穿式的发力方式,其二是以命门、丹田为核心,从中节向四梢传递的复合式发力方式。前者是人类武技普遍具有的发力方式,这种发力方式符合鞭打原理,其最终速度因"鞭梢效应"层层叠加而达到峰值,因此,能否使梢节获得最大速度是关键,其训练要点在于骨骼肌的速度力量以及身体协调能力。后者是中华武术独特的发力方式,这种发力方式遵循弓的力学原理及气体膨胀的力学原理,因此,对自身骨骼结构的调整以及对呼吸之气的有效利用是这种发力方式的决定性因素,其训练要点是以脊柱为主的包括上下肢在内的"五弓"的弹性势能以及丹田劲的蓄放能力。

The objectives are to probe into the essence of Chinese Wushu boxing, to summarize the main ways of power explosion of Chinese Wushu, and to analyze the principles of power explosion. The author drew the following conclusions： Chinese Wushu has totally two different ways of power explosion, one of which is a penetrative way of power explosion, in which the root section is used as the starting point and the power penetrates all the sections from bottom to top, the other of which is a complex way of power explosion, in which Ming-men and Dan-tian are used as the cores and the power transfers from the middle section to the four limbs. The former is a way of power explosion commonly owned by human martial arts; such a way of power explosion is in conformity with the principle of whipping, its ultimate speed reaches the peak due to the layer by layer adding up of the ＂whipping effect＂, therefore, whether the end section obtains the maximum speed is the key, its training key points are the skeletal muscle＇s speed and power as well as the body＇s coordinating ability. The latter is a unique way of power explosion of Chinese Wushu, such a way of power explosion follows the mechanical principle of bows and the mechanical principle of gas expansion, therefore, the adjustment of one＇s own skeletal structure and the effective utilization of the air breathed in are the decisive factors, its training key points are the elastic potential energy of the ＂five bows＂, which mainly refer to the spine and include the upper and lower limbs, as well as Dan-tian＇s power storing and discharging ability.