网球拍线径对底线击球效果及持拍臂肘关节的影响

Effects of tennis racket string diameters on the baseline ball hitting effect and the elbow joint of the racket holding arm

为了研究网球拍线径对击球速度、控制性和持拍臂肘关节所造成的影响,揭示网球拍线径在击球过程中可能造成持拍前臂肘关节运动性损伤的原因。15名网球国家2级运动员作为被试者,通过对不同线径(18号1.15 mm和16L 1.25 mm)的网球拍线进行现场正手击球测试。研究结果发现,网球拍线径会对底线击球效果产生影响,其中对击球速度产生显著影响,线径较细的18号聚酯线的击球速度显著快于线径较粗的16L聚酯线,且18号聚酯线击球控制性的总体趋势要高于16 L聚酯线的击球控制性。网球拍线径会对持拍臂造成一定的影响,具体表现为对持拍臂的肌电峰值、均方根值(RMS)及放电时程的影响,其中对肱桡肌的影响最为显著。使用16 L聚酯线拍击球时,为更好地实现对球的控制,过多动用了持拍臂桡侧腕屈肌、旋前圆肌及桡侧腕长伸肌参与运动,这些肌肉的过度使用可能导致持拍前臂肘关节的损伤。

In order to study the effects caused by tennis racket string diameters to the ball hitting speed, controllability and the elbow joint of the racket holding arm, and to reveal the cause for athletic injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm, possibly caused during ball hitting, the authors selected 15 national level two tennis players as the testees, and tested their forehand ball hitting on the court with the use of tennis racket strings of different diameters（No. 18： 1.15 mm and 16 L： 1.25 mm）. Research results： racket string diameters would produce effects on the baseline ball hitting effect, in which they produced a significant effect on the ball hitting speed, the ball hitting speed of the No. 18 polyester string with a smaller diameter was significantly faster than that of the 16 L polyester string with a bigger diameter, and the overall trend of the ball hitting controllability of the No. 18 polyester string was higher than the ball hitting controllability of the 16 L polyester string; racket string diameters would caused certain effects on the racket holding arm, specifically showing their effects on the myoelectricity peak value, root mean square value and discharge duration of the racket holding arm, in which their effect on the brachioradialis was the most significant; when the 16 L polyester string was used for ball hitting, in order to better realize control over the ball, the flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres and extensor carpi radialis longus of the racket holding arm were overly mobilized to involve in movement, the overuse of these muscles may cause the injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm.