联合国与南极条约体系的演进

The United Nations and the Evolution of the Antarctic Treaty System

南极治理是国际合作与国际博弈的新议题,也是中国参与全球治理的重要组成部分。自1959年以来,南极条约体系的性质发生了显著变化。在《南极条约》诞生之初,南极条约体系属于南极条约协商国小集团治理的俱乐部机制。然而,在国际民主化的时代背景下,第三世界试图以联合国为中心的全球性机制替换俱乐部机制。这两种机制的竞合导致南极条约体系发生沿着自身发展逻辑难以解释的变化,并促成当今南极治理的局面。南极条约体系的演进为中国参与南极提供启示,中国应谨慎使用"人类共同遗产"概念,注重南极环境保护宣传,支持国内的非政府组织参与南极治理。

Antarctic governance is a new topic of international cooperation and international game,and is also the important part of China＇s participation in global governance.Since 1959,the nature of the Antarctic Treaty System has changed significantly.When the Antarctic Treaty came into existence,the Antarctic governance regime was aclub regime governed by the group of Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties.In the context of international democratization,however,the Third World tried to replace the club regime with a United Nations-centeredglobal regime.The competition and cooperation of the two governance regimes made the Antarctic Treaty System have the changes which cannot be explained along its own development logic,and also contributed to the current situation of the Antarctic governance.The evolution of the Antarctic Treaty System provides some implications for China＇s participation in the Antarctic governance,i.e.China should not use the concept of ＂common heritage of mankind＂,China should focus on the environment protection in the Antarctic publicity,and support domestic NGOs to play a role in the Antarctic governance.