刊烙油饰:清代出海帆船的船籍身份(1644～1840)

Branded Name and Paint Color:the Identification of Chinese Junks in Qing Dynasty(1644～1840)

清朝沿用前代未成体系的刊烙油饰船只管理办法,经康熙、雍正两朝的发展逐渐成型定制,随后一些修订强化举措不断补充。清朝推行刊烙油饰规制,主观意愿是为了管理辨识出海船只,推行过程因不时弱化,呈现反复重提的特征。在不同省份,规制执行的力度,规则与标准的设定还存在差异。清前期推行刊烙油饰这项基本规制的重要意义,在于使其成为官方与民间普遍认同的模式,构筑起出海帆船的船籍身份体系,对船只出海管理、海上识别与航行秩序都发挥效用。

The sailboat management measure of branded name had been used by Ming Dynasty.Later it was adopted by Qing Dynasty,and added to it paint color,and gradually formed a basic regulation.The main purpose of the government＇s implementation was to manage and identify sea vessels,and officials needed to re-emphasize the regulation when it was weakened.In different provinces,there were still differences in the enforcement and standard setting.The significance of branded name and paint color was to build up the identification system of sailing ships,which played an effective role in the ships＇ management,recognition and navigation order.