配方施肥对葡萄品质及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Formula Fertilization on the Fruit Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Soil

以四川省阿坝州茂县赤霞珠葡萄为试材,采用正交设计设置18组配方施肥方案,研究了配方施肥对赤霞珠葡萄果实品质及果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:各组试验处理均对赤霞珠葡萄果实品质有促进作用,其中基肥施入干鸡粪2 kg/株+过磷酸钙0.167 kg/株,萌芽肥施入尿素0.021 kg/株+硼肥0.015 kg/株,壮果肥施入磷酸一铵0.050 kg/株+尿素0.017 kg/株,采前肥施入复合肥0.050 kg/株+硫酸钾0.075kg/株的施肥效果最佳,使赤霞珠葡萄果实单穗重、TSS、总糖、VC含量和总酸分别提高了21.04%、8.51%、11.23%、19.18%和16.00%;土壤有机质含量提高了6.99%,土壤p H值降低了1.43%,土壤全氮、有效磷和有效钾含量分别提高了7.86%、12.08%和13.62%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰和有效铜含量分别提高了12.68%、1.94%、1.71%、1.89%和3.36%。因此,配方施肥可有效改善高原藏区赤霞珠葡萄实品质及果园土壤理化性质。

The orthogonal test with 18 sets of formula fertilization schemes was conducted to determine the effects of formula fertilization on the fruit quality of grape and physicochemical properties of soil in Aba state on Cabernet Sauvignon in this study. The results showed that all of the treatments have promoted the fruit quality of C. Sauvignon, when the basic fertilizer was dried chicken manure 2 kg/plant and calcium superphosphate 0.167 kg/plant, the budding fertilizer add urea 0.021 kg/plant, and boron fertilizer 0.015 kg/plant, strong fruit fertilizer add mono ammonium phosphate 0.050 kg/plant and urea 0.017 kg/plant, preharvest fertilizer add compound fertilizer 0.050 kg/plant and potassium sulphate 0.075 kg/plant, the fertilization had the best effect., which makes the fruit spike weight, TSS, total sugar, total acid and VC content of C. Sauvignon were increased by 21.04%, 8.51%, 11.23%, 19.18% and 16%; the content of soil organic matter increased by 6.99%, soil p H decreased 1.43%, soil total nitrogen, effective phosphorus and available potassium content were increased by 7.86%, 12.08% and 13.62%, soil exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available Fe, Mn and Cu content increased by 12.68%, 1.94%, 1.71%, 1.89% and 3.36%. Therefore, formula fertilization can effectively improve the real quality of C. Sauvignon and the physicochemical properties of oil in the Tibetan Plateau.