体力活动需求导向的美国城市公园分类体系解析与启示

Urban Park Categorization For Physical Activity Needs In America

美国城市公园系统在促进本国居民进行体力活动、提升国家公共健康水平方面发挥了巨大的作用,其具有规划指导意义的城市公园分类体系是成功的关键因素,而以体力活动需求为导向是其公园分类体系的显著特征。文章系统梳理了美国城市公园的分类体系,解析其核心公园类型的体力活动需求导向,并以明尼阿波利斯城市公园系统为例展开例证分析。在此基础上,文章提出四点对"健康中国建设"的启示,即重新审视我国城市公园的功能定位、城市公园作为全民健身场地设施的重要组成部分具有极大的提升潜力、建立基于体力活动需求导向的城市公园分类体系、可达性是科学规划和统筹建设全民健身场地设施的关键指标。

Urban park system has played a significant role in promoting physical activities and improving national health standards in America. Its categorization is crucial in planning guidance, and its physical activity orientation is a distinctive feature. This paper systematically investigates the categorization system of American urban parks and indicates its physical activity orientation with urban park system in Minneapolis. Furthermore, the paper puts forwards four illuminations of American urban park system for China： reexamining the functional orientation, improving the potential of urban parks as national fitness places, establishing a physical activity oriented urban park system, and improving the accessibility in planning and building national fitness places and facilities.