619例肾脏肿瘤的临床病理特征分析

Pathological Characteristics Investigation of 619 Cases of Renal Tumors

目的探讨肾脏肿瘤的发病特征、病理类型,为临床肾脏肿瘤诊治提供参考。方法回顾分析2015年1月~2016年12月北京大学第三医院泌尿外科619例肾脏肿瘤的临床资料,对患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、大小及病理分型等进行分析。结果肾良性肿瘤96例,女性占68.8%(66/96),男性占31.2%(30/96),以血管平滑肌脂肪瘤为主(75例,78.1%),嗜酸细胞瘤13例(13.5%)。恶性肿瘤523例,男性占69.0%(361/523),女性占31.0%(162/523),主要为肾透明细胞癌439例(83.9%),乳头状肾细胞癌28例(5.3%),肾嫌色细胞癌26例(5.0%)。结论目前肾脏肿瘤患者中良性肿瘤构成有所上升,常见良恶性肿瘤病理分型及好发性别均无明显变化,但良恶性肿瘤均具有发病年龄提前及体积小型化的趋势,应制定相应的措施进行早期筛查与防治。

Objective To investigate pathological features and epidemiology of renal tumors,and to provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 619 renal tumor patients were collected from January 2015 to December 2016 in this department. Patient＇s age and gender,as well as tumor＇s location,size,and pathological type were collected and analyzed. Results There were 96 cases of benign renal tumors,including 30 males（ 31. 2%） and 66 females（ 68. 8%）. The vascular leiomyoma（ 75 cases,78. 1%） and oncocytoma（ 13 cases,13. 5%） accounted for the majority. Renal malignancy was found in 523 cases,including361 males（ 69. 0%） and 162 females（ 31. 0%）,which mainly consisted of 439 cases of clear cell carcinoma（ 83. 9%）,28 cases of papillary carcinoma（ 5. 3%）,and 26 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma（ 5. 0%）. Conclusions The overall percentage of benign renal tumors has increased,but no obvious changes in pathological features and sex ratio of benign or malignant renal tumors has been found as compared to previous studies. The epidemiology of renal benign and malignant tumors has a tendency of early onset and small size. Thus some measures should be taken for early screening and prevention of renal tumors.