论非自愿留院观察诊断制度及其救济——兼评我国《精神卫生法》第二十九条

On the Non-voluntary Hospital Observation and Diagnosis System and Its Benefits:Comment on Article 29 of the Mental Health Law of China

我国《精神卫生法》非自愿留院观察诊断制度是其非自愿住院治疗制度的唯一的法定前置程序。其兼具条件法定性、发生抑制性、手段强制性、实施紧急性、诊断及时性等特性。上述特征阻却了其对患者人身权利的侵袭性,减少了设置其内部纠错机制的必要性,但制止不了其造成人身权利侵害甚至"被精神病"现象的可能性。为此,在该制度实施过程中嵌入完善的医疗诊断回避纠错机制,实施后通过该法第八十二条寻求司法救济,以减少其可能带来的人身权利侵害。

The non-voluntary hospital observation and diagnosis system is the only legal pre-procedure for involuntary hospitalization and treatment in the Mental Health Law of China.It has the conditions of legal nature,the inhibition of occurrence,mandatory means,the implementation of emergency,timeliness of diagnosis and other characteristics.The above features prevent their aggressiveness to patients＇ rights and reduce the necessity of setting their internal error correction mechanisms,but they can not stop the possibility of infringement on their own rights and even＂being mentally ill＂.Therefore,the system is implemented in the process of embedding a sound medical diagnosis system,and finally seek to find judicial relief under Article 82 of the Mental Health Law to reduce the personal rights infringement.