论法理的普遍性:法之“公理”、“通理”与“殊理”

On the Universality of Fali: The “Universal Fili( Axiom) ”,“Common Fali” and “Discrepant Fali” of Law

法理学的研究对象应为法理。法理应具备跨文化适用性和普遍的解释力。基于法理普遍性范围和程度的不同,可将法理划分为普世性法理(法之"公理")、共同性法理(法之"通理")和差异性法理(法之"殊理")。在人类法律文明史中,法之"公理"、"通理"与"殊理"各有其思想根源和实践发展。通过梳理普遍主义、普世主义、世界主义等观念谱系,瞻顾世界法、共同法等理论与实践,通过法理学与比较法的学术对话,能够认识上述三种不同层次法理的特质与关系。作为一种沟通交往程序与理念,"间性法理"不以统合差异为目标,在平等交流中寻求最大程度的法理共识。探索"间性法理"是法理学和比较法学共同的使命。

The object of jurisprudence should be Fali. Faliis supposed to be cross-culturally ap- plicable and be universal in interpretation. According to the scope and extent, there are universal, common and special Fali. In the history of civilization, universal, common or special Fali each has its own theoretical originalities and practical history. Through teasing out the ideas and practice of commonality, universality, cosmopolitanism, considering the theories of cosmopolitan law and com- mon law, and establishing the dialogue between the jurisprudence and comparative law, this article tries to find out the characteristics of these three kinds of Fali and their relations. As a procedure and idea of communication, inter-Fali does not aim at integrating differences, but seeks to reach the con- sensus in equal communication. Exploring inter-Fali is the common mission of jurisprudence and the philosophy of comparative law.