通往依法自治之路——我国律师协会定位的检视与重塑

The Road to Autonomy in Accordance with Law: The Examination and Reconstruction of the Orientation of China Bar Association

我国律师协会由于遵循建构主义的逻辑,因此存在"同质情感淡漠"、"新旧文化断裂"、"公权过度干涉"三大先天性缺陷。但现行法对律师协会"自律组织"的定位无法克服这些先天性缺陷,而且造成了后天的不足,如交互功能缺失的"内部性"局限,发展功能不彰的"静态性"局限以及防御功能障碍的"软弱性"局限。将律师协会定位为"自治组织"具有其独特的优越性,如促进法治路径转向的"外部化",培育法律职业精神的"动态化"以及保障律师独立的"强势化",这些优点有助于克服我国律协的先天缺陷和后天不足。而从自律走向依法自治,制度改革主要包括职业定性方式的转型、法律援助体系的重构和律师惩戒模式的调整。

Because of the logic of constructivism, China Bar Association existed three congenital defects： ＂weak homogeneity emotion＂, ＂traditional and modern culture in the break＂, and ＂exces- sive interference of public power＂. The orientation of China Bar Association in the current law is ＂self-discipline organization＂, so it can not only overcome these congenital defects, but also caused the acquired deficiencies, such as lack of interactive function which called ＂internal limitations＂, lack of development function which called ＂static limitation＂ and lack of defensive function which called ＂weakness limitation＂. The association as a ＂autonomous organization＂ has its unique advan- tages, such as promoting the rule of law model which called ＂external advantage＂, cultivating the le- gal profession spirit which called ＂dynamic advantage＂ and guaranteeing the independence of lawyers which called ＂strong advantage＂, these points can help to overcome the inherent defects and ac- quired insufficiency of the association. If we want to move from self-discipline to autonomy in ac- cordance with law, three things have to be done in the system： the transformation of occupational qualitative mode, the reconstruction of legal aid system and the adjustment of lawyer＇s disciplinary mode.