以工带商、小本生意与自生贸易——前工业化时期温州异质性商品经济的演进

Handicraft Industry-driven Commerce,Small Business and Self-supporting Trade——The Evolution of the Heterogeneous Commodity Economy in Wenzhou in the Pre-industrial Period

对异质性历史地理单位经济变迁进行研究,有助于更全面更准确地理解区域经济历史演进。本文研究发现,前工业化时期的温州商品经济演进模式区别于同期江南地区的一般模式。温州商品经济的发生发展因循"以工带商"路线,即乡村商农经济与市镇作坊经济的组织成长因路线依附及内在条件属性收敛于"小本生意"形态,形成囿于半产业化与半商品化的城乡经济格局,新市场开辟与贸易增长未能带来工商业顺利扩张的现象。温州观察的贡献在于,地方异质性系统演进建构的经济"小传统",为前工业化时期商品经济发展进程"大历史"提供了局部视野。

The study on the economic changes of heterogeneous historical geographies helps to understand the historical evolution of regional economy more completely and accurately. In the pre-industrial era of Wenzhou, there appeared a special regional economic pattern that differed from the general course of economic change and its attributes in the south Yangtze River regions. That is, the growth route of "Handicraft Industry-driven Commerce", the size convergence of the small business in the economic system of the commercialized agriculture and the artisanal workshop, as well as the two-way trade balance between urban and rural areas. "Self-supporting trade" is restricted by the alienation of the relationship between government and the merchants, the loose relationship between production and marketing and the lack of credit relations. The sluggishness of not being able to expand smoothly with the development of new markets, and the resilience of marginalized survival in the long run.The contribution from Wenzhou's observation is that the "small tradition"of regional economy constructed by the heterogeneous economic value system of individual independence and economic autonomy, which complements partial horizon for the "grand history" of the process of commodity economy development.