分配正义:慈善法的基本价值

Charity Law and Distributive Justice

法律所追求的基本价值是正义,而促进分配正义则是慈善法的基本价值。这不仅体现在慈善法的产生上,其与济贫法构建了最早的社会福利制度;而且还体现在慈善法的演进中,其通过解决慈善的资格问题和执行问题,推动了基于慈善的财产再分配,进而促进了分配正义。而如若基于分配正义之视角审视我国的《慈善法》,可以发现不仅其资格问题仍然有待解决,需要构建以公益原则为核心的界定模式,以此认定具有促进公共利益(福利)之价值的慈善,而且其执行问题也并未解决,需要建立专门的监管机构以履行对非法行为的监督职责和对合法行为的促进职权,并尽可能确保慈善捐赠及其设立信托和开展募捐等活动的合法性。

The core value pursued by law is justice, while the core value of charity law is promoting distributive justice. It is reflected not only in the legislation of the charity law which constructs the earliest social welfare system together with the poor law, but also in the evolution of the charity law which promotes the redistribution based on the charity by solving the qualification and implementation issues of the charity. If looking on the charity law of China on perspective of the distributive justice, it is not hard to find that not only the qualification issues remain to be resolved and a definition pattern in core of the public benefit needs to be built, but also the implementation issues wait to be resolved and a specialize regulatory agency needs to be established to supervising the illegal acts as well as promoting the lawful acts to ensure the legality of charitable donation, charitable trust and charitable solicitation.