乡村振兴要激活乡村社会的内生资源——“米提斯”知识与认识论的视角

Activating Endogenous Resources of Rural Society to Implement the Strategy of Rural Revitalization: the Perspective of Knowledge and Epistemology of “Metis”

本文从国家与社会的关系出发,借鉴美国学者斯科特提出的"米提斯"认识论概念,对乡村振兴战略中的"内外"关系进行纯粹学理上的思考。作者认为,乡村振兴的有序推进,要有"米提斯"的理念:谨守国家干预的界限;尊重地方特色和差异性,避免标准化;尊重地方性知识,激活和鼓励农民积极自主的参与。乡村振兴战略的顺利推进,需要激活乡村社会内生资源。要将国家整体规划和地方自主探索结合起来,兼顾政策的普遍化与地方的差异性,鼓励地方自主探索和大胆创新;尊重农民的主体地位,处理好乡村发展和农民发展的关系;寻找乡村社会的比较优势。更重要的是,乡村振兴战略不能将关注点仅仅局限于经济的富裕和社会的繁荣,在国家力量"整理"社会的进程中,要"重塑国家与社会的关系",调整地方行政机构与乡村社会自治的互动模式,激活和培植乡村社会的"米提斯",培育乡村社会的自治能力,进而促进乡村治理走向有序和善治。

According to the relationship between the state and the society, this paper draws on the concept of the epistemology of "metis" that put forward by Scott, a scholar of the United States, making a theoretical reflection on the "internal and external" relationship in the strategy of rural revitalization. The author believes that the orderly promotion of rural revitalization should avoid several misunderstandings to keep the limits of state intervention, respect local characteristics and differences, no standardization, make use of local knowledge, and activate and encourage farmers to participate independently. The path of rural revitalization strategy needs to be coordinated and balanced in the following relationships. It is necessary to activate the endogenous resources in rural society. We should combine the overall planning of the country with the local autonomous exploration, taking into account the unification of the policy and the difference of the local,to encourage the local independent exploration and bold innovation; respect the main status of the peasants,prompting the rural development and the development of the peasants; and seek the comparative advantage of a certain rural. More importantly, the strategy of rural revitalization can not only be limited to the prosperity of rural society and the economy. In the process of "sorting out" the society, the country "reshaping the relationship between the state and society", adjusts the interactive mode of local administrative institutions and rural social autonomy unit, to activate the "metis" of the rural society, cultivate the autonomy ability, and then promote the orderly and good governance of the rural society.