中国对外反倾销:实施、测度及趋势

Chinese Antidumping Policy:Execution,Measurement and Trend

中国经贸实力的显著增强招致外国频繁对华反倾销,但是中国仍是国际贸易规则的初学者,其反倾销反制能力有限。第一,中国对外反倾销数量相对较少,产品重复反倾销和肯定性裁决比例居高,进口覆盖率和裁决效率总体偏低,结案方式单一,反倾销税率低下,且2008年国际金融危机之后呈现出下降的态势;第二,欧盟、日本和美国一直是中国的最大进口来源地,但中国对这三大经济体的反倾销进口覆盖率与其进口位次并不相称;第三,中国对外反倾销表现出鲜明的行业集中性,主要集中于化工业、塑料制品业、钢铁业和纸制品业等少数传统行业,对非传统行业的反倾销进口覆盖率长期处于低位徘徊。为此,我国应充分关注反倾销的地域和行业分布特征,积极引导国内企业对主要进口来源地和非传统产业的合理反倾销,有序推动反倾销调查工作的顺利开展,努力提升反倾销案件的裁决效率与质量,以完善贸易救济制度、优化进口贸易结构、并有效应对外国对华贸易制裁。

Chinese growing economic and trade strength incur the anti-dumping （A D） of foreign countries towards it, but China is still a young learner of the international trade rules and its AD skill is a little limited. First, China has relatively less AD cases with a small import coverage ratio, many duplicating target products, a high affirmative decision ratio, low arbitration efficiency, quite a few varieties of AD measures, low AD duties and a downwards trend since 2008; Second, EU, Japan and USA have been the largest import resourcing regions for more than 20 years, but they are not targeted by Chinese AD policy adequately; Third, Chinese AD policy is characterized as targeting on higher ratios of the import of some traditional industries, such as chemical, plastic, steel and paper industry than nontraditional ones which have been a little low for many years. Therefore, China should pay more attention to the region and industry distribution of its AD policy, lead the domestic firms to reasonably initiate AID cases towards the largest import resourcing regions and non-traditional industries, organize AD initiation more orderly and investigate AD cases more efficiently in order to complete the trade remedy system, optimize the import structure of China and deal with foreign trade sanctions against China effectively.