《黄帝内经》“胀”“满”释义辨析

Paraphrase and analysis of “Zhang” and “Man” in the Inner Canon of Huangdi

通过还原《黄帝内经》(以下简称《内经》)原文语境,发现"胀""满"含义有明显异同。二者均有壅实满闷的含义,常形容胃脘胸腹,均有实大貌之意,可形容脉络。病位上肝病作胁"满",肾病作腹"胀",胃病作"胀"亦可作"满";病因上"胀"从肉,因于气,突出气体对腔壁的压迫,"满"从水,因于湿,有水湿的特性;症状上"满"有"上溢"意,因而兼"胀",而"胀"不兼"满"。另外,"满"还有生理的"充满"意,亦可表客观的"足够"意,可作"懑"之通假,这都是"胀"所未涵盖的。

In original text of the Inner Canon of Huangdi,＂Zhang＂and ＂Man＂both have the same meaning of＂distention and fullness＂of gastral cavity,chest and belly,and＂excess＂of meridians and channels. While differently in zangfu location,＂Zhang＂is at the liver,＂Man＂is at the kidney,both them can be used at the stomach. They also different in pathogeny,as Qi is the main cause of＂Zhang＂which related to the meat in etymology,while dampness is the main cause of＂Man＂which related to the water in etymology. Besides,＂Man＂involves the meaning of＂overflow＂and the other meaning of ＂irritancy＂instead of ＂Zhang＂.