超声波降解油田含聚污水研究进展

Research progress in ultrasonic degradation technique of polymer-bearing oilfield wastewater

随着聚合物驱、复合驱等三次采油技术在油田开采中的广泛应用,我国原油的采收率得到有效提高,但是伴随产生的含聚污水量也在成倍增加,油田含聚污水难降解问题也成为污水处理相关领域研究的热点。超声波降解技术具有氧化能力强、降解速率快且无二次污染等优点,在污水处理中的应用越来越受到重视。介绍了目前油田含聚污水的特性,并分析了超声波对污水中聚丙烯酰胺的降解机理以及对水包油乳状液的破乳机理,综述了国内外超声波降解技术在油田含聚污水处理的现状。结合不同类型油田含聚污水的特点,展望了未来超声波降解技术处理油田污水的发展趋势。

The polymer-flooding and combination-flooding as well as other tertiary oil extraction techniques have been widely used in Chinese oil fields in recent years. Although these techniques are able to enhance the oil recovery, more and more polyer-bearing wastewater as by product is thus fold increased per year, which leads to that the degradation of polymer-bearing oilfield wastewater plays a critical and difficult role in oilfleld wastewater treatment. Due to the advantages of the ultrasonic degradation technique in strong oxidizing property, high degradation efficiency and no secondary pollution, more and more attention has been paid to its applications in wastewater treatment. In this article, the microscopic mechanism of the ultrasonic degradation technique and the characteristics of polymer-bearing oilfield wastewater are described. Also, further analysis is conducted about the polymer degradation mechanism of using ultrasonic irradiation for polymer-bearing oilfield wastewater and the demulsification mechanism of oil in water. Furthermore, the ultrasound degradation technique and the combined techniques in polymer-bearing both at home and abroad are summarized, in addition the future development trend of treating oilfleld wastewater by ultrasonic irradiation is predicted.