特殊原因与特殊部位伤临床救治新探索

New exploration on clinical treatment of injuries caused by uncommon agents or in extraordinary regions

所谓＂特殊＂，相对于＂普通＂，意为＂不同于一般的，与别的事物不相同＂。特殊原因伤，就烧伤而言，指除热力以外的致伤因素所致烧伤，其在致伤机制、病理生理和临床表现等方面与热力烧伤相比，有其特殊性；就创伤而言，随着社会经济的高速发展，在生产、生活的方方面面涌现出了形形色色的新技术、新设备，在实际应用中若操作不当则会成为致伤因素导致各种特殊类型的创伤，如跑步机致幼儿手部皮肤擦伤与挫伤、履带传输机导致皮肤软组织严重损伤等，以及由于生活方式的转变而出现的特殊损伤，如宠物咬伤等；就战伤而言，现代战争已经演变为海陆空一体化的高技术、信息化立体战争，声、光、电、磁武器等诸多新型武器装备的应用也会造成不同于以往火器伤的新型战伤。特殊部位，顾名思义，指位于体表具有解剖和生理特殊性的部位。

Burns caused by uncommon agents means those caused by other agents except heating power, with special characteristics existing in traumatogenesis, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestation. With the development of social economy, various new techniques and new equipments are springing up. In the practical use, improper operations would become traumatogenic agents and cause various special types of trauma. In addition, some special injuries emerged with the changes in people′s lifestyle. For battle injury, some new war wounds, which are different from fire-arm injuries in the past, appeared with the emergence of acoustic wave, light wave, electrical and magnetic weapons. Extraordinary regions are those located on body surface with anatomic and physiological particularity. Injuries caused by uncommon traumatogenic agent or in extraordinary region are different from those ordinary burns and trauma, and their clinical treatments have special characteristics. Clinical treatments were studied aiming at these special characteristics, and some achievements in treatment of high-voltage electrical burn, hydrofluoric acid burn, wounds on special regions, and new types of burns and trauma have been made. However, a doctor′s duty is not only to cure the diseases and save the patients′ lives, but also to prevent the diseases. The suitable treatment and precautionary measures for the new types of burns and trauma that differ from ordinary burns and trauma in the past remain to be explored.