建筑工人烟草烟雾暴露与呼吸道症状关联性的分类树分析

Classification tree analysis of the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms in construction workers

目的了解烟草烟雾暴露对建筑工人呼吸道症状发生情况的影响。方法采用方便抽样方法,在广州市南沙区7个建筑工地抽取879名建筑工人,调查其烟草烟雾暴露状况和呼吸道症状的发生情况。按烟草烟雾暴露与否将其分为主动吸烟组(503人)、被动吸烟组(249人)、不吸烟组(66人)和戒烟成功组(61人)。结果 879名建筑工人主动吸烟率为57.2%(503/879),每日吸烟率为49.6%(436/879);非吸烟者被动吸烟率为79.0%(249/315),非吸烟者每日被动吸烟率为62.5%(197/315)。四组建筑工人经常性咳嗽且咽喉不适、仅经常性咽喉不适、仅经常性咳嗽的发生率分别为5.9%、5.7%、9.0%,呼吸道症状总发生率为20.6%。主动吸烟组建筑工人经常性咳嗽以及伴有咽喉不适症状的发生率均高于被动吸烟组(P<0.007);主动吸烟组建筑工人呼吸道症状总发生率高于被动吸烟组和不吸烟组(P<0.007);四组建筑工人经常性咽喉不适发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分类树分析结果表明,烟草烟雾暴露是导致建筑工人呼吸道症状发生的重要因素。结论主动吸烟是导致建筑工人呼吸道症状发生的重要危险因素,建筑工人被动吸烟的状况亦不容忽视。

Objective To study the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory symptoms among construction workers.Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to choose 879 construction workers in 7 building sites as the study objects. The condition of tobacco smoke exposure and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms was investigated. According to the different tobacco smoke exposure situation,the objects were divided into active-smoking（503 workers）,passive-smoking（249 workers）,non-smoking（66 workers）and quitters（61 workers）groups. Results The prevalences of active smoking and the daily active smoking in 879 construction workers were 57.2%（503/879）and 49.6%（436/879）,respectively. The prevalences of passive smoking and the daily passive smoking in the non-smokers were 79.0%（249/315）and 62.5%（197/315）,respectively.In the 4 groups of constructions works,their incidences of only throat discomfort symptom,only recurrent coughing symptom and both coughing and throat discomfort were 5.7%,9.0% and 5.9%,respectively. The total incidence of respiratory symptoms was 20.6%. The incidence of both coughing and throat discomfort symptoms in active smoking group was higher than that of the passive smoking group（P〈0.007）. The total incidence of respiratory symptoms of active smoking group was obviously higher than that of the passive smoking group and the non-smoking group（P〈0.007）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of only recurrent throat discomfort between the 4 groups of construction workers（P〈0.05）.According to the Classification tree analysis,tobacco smoke exposure is the most important factor which causes respiratory symptoms in construction workers. Conclusion Active smoking is an important risk factor that causes respiratory symptoms in construction workers. And also we should not ignore the serious status of passive smoking among the construction workers.