2015-2017年广东地区动物从业人员健康状况调查

A health investigation on occupational population in Guangdong province,2015-2017

目的了解广东地区猪肉生产-销售链上从业人员的健康状况,为制定相关防控策略提出参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,收集2015-2017年广东5个地区的重点职业人群,如从事猪规模化养殖、屠宰、生猪交易和猪肉零售工作人员的基本概况等,对各调查点的人员情况进行分析。结果共对401名猪相关的从业人员进行调查,主要为男性(73.6%)、中年[年龄(42.2±10.5)岁,年龄中位数43.4岁],其中40~岁年龄组占最大比例(38.4%),超过70%来自我国其他省份的外来务工人员,主要为广西、湖南等省,生产-销售链四种不同类型场所的工作人员中,年龄、性别、是否来自省外以及工作年限的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多数人员健康水平良好,心血管疾病以及其他慢性疾病发生率较低,但养殖场和屠宰场工人呼吸道感染发生率高于生猪交易和零售市场人员(P<0.05),猪肉零售市场的工作人员工作服穿着频率较低,手套使用人数较少。结论猪肉生产-销售链上从业人员健康,动物暴露以及防护措施情况有所差异,职业性动物接触是否构成人类人兽共患病流行中的关键性风险问题需要进一步的关注。

Objective To understand the health status of employees in the pork production and sales chain industry in Guangdong,and provide reference basis for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies. Methods With the multistage stratified sampling,the employees of swine farms,slaughters,trading and retailer in Guangdong region from September 2015 to September 2017 were randomly selected for this study. The health conditions of the subjects were studied by descriptive analysis. Results 401 employees in the pork production and sales chain industry were investigated,mainly men（73.6%）of middle-aged[age（42.2 ± 10.5）,median age 43.4 years];among which,the 40- age group accounted for the largest proportion（38.4%）,and more than 70% came from other provinces,mainly Guangxi and Hunan. There were statistically significant differences in age,sex,and origins of the workers（P〈0.05）. Most workers have good level of health and low incidence of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases, but the incidence of respiratory infections in pig farms and slaughterhouse workers is higher than that in pig traders and retailers（P〈0.05）. Workers in the pork retail market were seldom wear uniform and gloves. Conclusion Personal health,protection measures and exposure to animals of the workers should be strengthened to prevent the zoonoses diseases.