产业转移、要素集聚与地区经济发展

####Industrial Relocation, Elements Agglomeration and Regional Economic Development

产业转移是优化生产要素空间布局，促进区域协调发展的重要途径。与以往研究不同，本文创新性地构造了既体现规模又体现方向性的产业转移指数，依据测算结果刻画劳动、资本和技术密集型行业的产业转移地图，总结出中国制造业转移的空间特征。同时，基于产业关联的思想设计了由地理密度、专业化水平与行业相似度共同表征的要素集聚指数，测算比较了转出地和承接地的制造业集聚水平。进而，以2004～2013年中国30个省份的面板数据为样本，实证检验了产业转移通过要素集聚影响地区经济发展的中介机制。研究发现：随着地区间要素成本差异的扩大，沿海发达地区制造业呈现出向周边次发达地区转移的洼地效应，中西部落后省份的生产要素Jn,4向区域经济中心不断汇聚，形成新的比较优势；在产业转移的背景下，制造业集聚程度自2004年开始持续上升，产业转出地的要素集聚水平要明显高于承接地，实现了生产要素的空间优化配置；产业转移与要素集聚的交互作用显著影响地区经济发展，传统制造业的迁入在改善承接地生产率水平的同时，增加了能源消耗和污染排放，制造业迁出尽管降低了转出地的劳动生产率，但在一定程度上带来了节能减排的正效应。

Industrial relocation is an important way to optimize the spatial distribution of production factors and promote balanced development between regions. Different from previous research, this paper creatively constructs an industrial relocation index reflecting both scale and direction, and draws the industrial relocation map of labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries based on the estimated results. Then the spatial characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry relocation is summarized. Meanwhile, the agglomeration index based on the industrial linkage is designed, to estimate and compare the agglomeration level of manufacturing industries between the transferring and undertaking regions. Furthermore, with the sample of 30 Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2013, the intermediate mechanism of the influences of industrial relocation on the regional economic development through the factors agglomeration is tested. The results show that, with the increasing difference of regional cost, the" low-lying land effect ", transferring to the surrounding developing regions, appears in the manufacturing industries of coastal developed regions. While the production factors of manufacturing industries in mid-west provinces continuously gather to the regional economic center, forming new comparative advantages. And the degree of manufacturing agglomeration keeps rising from 2004and that of the transferring regions is obviously higher than undertaking. Finally, the interaction between industrial relocation and factors agglomeration has a significant impact on regional economic development. The immigration of traditional manufacturing not only improves the productivity of undertaking regions, but also increases energy consumption and pollution emissions. Conversely, the move out of manufacturing reduces the labor-productivity of transferring regions, but benefits to energy-saving and emission reducing.