致使义动词“食(sì)”“饲”“喂”的历史替换

The Historical Replacement of the Causative Verb sì(食)、sì(饲)and wèi(喂)

表示"给动物或人东西吃"的致使概念,先秦西汉常用"食(sì)",东汉至隋主要用"饲",唐代以来多用"喂"。"食(sì)""饲""喂"这三个具有历史替换关系的词,在句法、语义、形态等方面存在诸多差异。三个词在不同时期的此消彼长,是汉语语音系统的简化、词汇的复音化及致使概念表达方式的变化等因素综合作用的结果。

The verb sì(食)which means feeding animals or people was the most commonly used in the pre-Qin(先秦)and Western Han Dynasty(西汉).To express the concept of feeding,people mainly used sì(饲)from the Eastern Han(东汉)to the Sui Dynasty and usually used wèi(喂)since the Tang Dynasty(唐代).Because of the strong personality of the vocabulary,the three verbs sì、sì and wèi had many differences in the syntax,semantics,morphology and so on.The historical replacement of the three verbs was the result of the combination of many factors,such as the simplification of the Chinese phonetic system,the polyphony of the vocabulary and the change of the expression of the causative concept,which indicates the strong mutual restriction between phonetics,vocabulary and grammar in the language.