所有制结构、地方财政支出与城乡收入差距——基于双重二元结构视角的分析

Ownership Structure,Local Fiscal Expenditure and Urban-Rural Income Gap:An Analysis from the Perspective of Double Dual Structure

本文立足于中国转型经济的"双重二元结构"特征,在构建双重二元结构模型分析所有制结构、财政支出与城乡收入差距之间关系的基础上,从所有制结构与财政支出入手,利用2007-2015年中国省级面板数据,分析中国城乡收入差距缘何高居不下、中国各地区之间的城乡收入差距存在显著差异的原因。结果显示,国有经济比重与城乡收入差距存在"正U型"关系,财政支出规模、城市倾向性财政支出与城乡收入差距存在"倒U型"关系,农村倾向性财政支出可以缩小城乡收入差距,国有经济比重降低了财政支出规模、城市倾向性财政支出对城乡收入差距的正向影响;东、中部地区的公有制经济缩小了城乡收入差距;财政支出规模和城市倾向性财政支出扩大了城乡收入差距。因此,通过市场化改革选择最优所有制结构,调整财政支出倾向,有助于缩小城乡收入差距。

Based on the characteristics of＂double dual structure＂in China＇s transition economy,and the analysis of the relationship between ownership structure,fiscal expenditure and urban-rural income gap by building a double dual structure model,this article provides perspective of ownership structure and fiscal expenditure to analyze the reasons why the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is high and the difference between urban and rural income gap in different regions by using Chinese provincial-level panel data from 2007 to 2015. The empirical results show that there is a＂positive U-shaped＂relationship between the proportion of state-owned economy and urban-rural income gap; there exists an ＂inverted U-shaped＂relationship between fiscal expenditure and urban-oriented fiscal expenditure and urban-rural income gap,rural-oriented fiscal expenditure can narrow urban-rural income gap,the proportion of state-owned economy reduces the positive effect of fiscal expenditure or urban-oriented fiscal expenditure on urban-rural income gap;in the eastern and central regions,the state-owned economy narrowed the income gap between urban and rural areas; fiscal expenditures and urban-oriented fiscal expenditures have always widened the urban-rural income gap. Therefore,adjusting the tendency of expenditures and choosing the optimal ownership structure through market-oriented reforms is conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap.