公民健康权利与义务立法研究——兼评《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法(草案)》第2章

Study on the Legislation of Health Rights and Duties for Citizen:Comment on Chapter Ⅱ of the Draft of Basic Medicine and Health Promotion Act

综观世界各国的立法实践,公民健康权利与义务大致呈现出单独式、专章或专节式、分散式三种立法模式。在立法内容上各国更为侧重确立和保护公民健康权利,对公民健康义务的规定则相对粗疏简略,除医疗服务获得权、知情同意权、隐私权与尊重医务人员及他人的义务、支付医疗费用的义务等部分权利、义务类型没有较大争议之外,各国均保有较大的差异性。我国应当系统整理现有医疗卫生立法及其他相关法律文件,将公民健康权利与义务协调规定在未来的民法典和"基本医疗卫生与健康促进法"之中,同时借鉴国外的先进经验,增设投诉权、病历查阅权和复制权以及爱惜健康、支付医疗费用、遵守医疗机构规章制度等权利与义务,并对儿童等特殊群体提供特别保护。

Throughout the legislative practices of the world, there are three legislation mod- els on provision for the health rights and duties for Citizen： separate, special chapter or section and decentralized. In the content of legislation, they pay more attention to admit and protect the health rights for citizen, and the provisions on duties for citizen are relative brief, besides the right to access health care, the right to informed consent, the right to privacy and the duty to re- spect the medical staff and other people, the duty to pay the medical expenses, all countries have large differences. So we should sort out all the existing medical ＆ health laws and other relevant legal documents in our country systematically, then stipulate the health rights and duties for Citi- zen in Civil Code and Basic Medical and Health Law in the future coordinately, add the right to complaint, the right to check and copy medical record, and the duties of cherish health, pay the costs of health care, comply with the rules and the special protection for special group, such as regulations of medical institutions, and provide children.