论合同的必要条款

On the Necessary Terms of Contracts

合同必要条款涉及合同内容确定性与当事人合意,属于法律对合同成立的最低限度要求。《合同法》第14条"具体确定"的学理解释与《合同法司法解释(二)》对三要素的规定,形成了合同必要条款认定规则的双轨模式,而具体的司法实践则存在着分歧。合同必要条款的基本内容与决定因素包括当事人的意思、合同的主要给付义务和诚信原则。在判断当事人合意与否时,应当坚持意思表示的解释优先,同时采取相对弹性化的认定方式,兼顾合同的性质和目的,维护当事人的意思自由,促进交易的正常进行。

The necessary terms of the contract are the minimum legal requirements for the establishment of contract,involving the certainty of the contract and the objective scope of the parties＇mutual-assent.The theoretical interpretation of＂specific determination＂in Article 14of Contract Law and the provisions of the three elements in the Interpretation II of the Supreme People＇s Court of Several Issues concerning the Application of the Contract Law form a dual-track model rules for the determination of necessary terms of the contract,but differences still exist in the specific judicial practice.The basic contents and determinants of the necessary terms of the contract include the intention of the parties,the main payment obligations of the contract and the principle of good faith.In judging whether the parties are mutual-assented,they should adhere to the priority for interpretation of declaration of intention,while taking a relatively flexible way of identification with both nature and purpose of the contract,to maintain the freedom of the parties＇intention and make the transaction conducted normally.