基于SSR标记的四川移栽野生大茶树的遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity of Sichuan Transplanted Wild Tea Tree by SSR Marker

为四川大邑移栽野生大茶树种质资源的综合利用与科学保护提供参考,采用GPS定位对四川移栽野生大茶树种质资源进行编号与拍照,并对其相关性状进行调查和叶芽采集,利用9对SSR核心引物对41份野生大茶树种质资源进行全基因组基因分型及遗传多样性和亲缘关系聚类分析。结果表明:9对SSR引物在41份野生大茶树种质资源中共检测到41个等位基因和75种基因型,每对引物检测到3~7个等位基因,平均4.6个,4~18种基因型,平均8.33种。PCR扩增条带的基因多样性指数、扩增位点的多态性信息指数和杂合度分别为0.501 7~0.713 0、0.443 1~0.761 0和0.561 0~0.731 7,平均分别为0.624 9、0.571 6和0.577 2。在遗传距离为0.28处,UPGMA聚类方法将41份移栽野生大茶树种质资源分为4类。Ⅰ类包含CDDY5和CDDY9,Ⅱ类包含CDDY24和CDDY32,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类均占群体样本总数的4.8%;Ⅲ类包含CDDY40、CDDY37、CDDY38、CDDY35和CDDY8,占群体样本总数的12.1%;Ⅳ类包含CDDY14、CDDY15和CDDY28等32个材料,占群体样本总数的78%。移栽野生大茶树具有丰富的遗传多样性,建议筛选具有当地特色的部分野生大茶树进行驯化栽培,并对其进行合理科学利用与保护。

To provide references for comprehensive utilization and scientific protection of wild tea tree germplasm resources transplanted in Dayi County of Sichuan Province,the wild tea tree germplasm resources transplanted in Sichuan were GPS located,numbered and photographed,and then the related characters were investigated and leafbud was collected as well.Nne pairs of SSR core primers were employed to explore the whole genome genetic typing,genetic diversity and relationship cluster analysis.Results：41 alleles and 75 genotypes were detected in 41 wild tea tree resources by nine pairs of SSR molecular markers.Each primer pairs produced 3～7 alleles with an average of 4.6,and 4～18 genotypes with an average of 8.33.The genetic diversity index,polymorphism information index and heterozygosity of PCR amplified bands were respectively 0.501 7～0.713 0,0.443 1～0.761 0 and 0.561 0～0.731 7,with averages of 0.624 9,0.571 6 and 0.577 2 separately.41 materials were divided into four groups through UPGMA cluster method at genetic distance 0.28.Group Ⅰcontains CDDY5 and CDDY9,and group Ⅱ contains CDDY24 and CDDY32,the two groups account for 4.8%of the total samples;GroupⅢcontains CDDY40,CDDY37,CDDY38,CDDY35 and CDDY8,accounting for 12.1% of the total;GroupⅣ contains 32 materials such as CDDY14,CDDY15 and CDDY28,accounting for 78% of the total.The data show that the transplanted population has rich genetic diversity.It is suggested that some specific wild tea trees should be screened and domesticatedly cultivated,and reasonable scientific utilization and protection should be conducted on them as well.