黄河河南段浮游生物生态特性与时空分布

Ecological characteristics and temporal-spatial distribution of plankton in Henan section of the Yellow River

于2013年5月至2014年3月对黄河河南段进行了4个季度调查采样,分析了浮游生物群落的种类组成、密度、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征。此次调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门73种(属),其中,绿藻门、硅藻门、蓝藻门的种类数最多,分别有24种(属)、23种(属)和11种(属)。浮游植物的丰度值存在明显的季节变化,变化范围为:4.57×10~4~79.73×10~4 ind/L,表现为夏季或秋季最大,冬季最小;共鉴定出浮游动物4大类153种,其中,原生动物51种,轮虫72种,枝角类24种,桡足类6种。平均丰度为6.32×10~2 ind./L。物种丰富度大小顺序为秋>春>夏>冬。黄河河南段Shannon-Wiener指数浮游植物变化范围为0.78~1.89,浮游动物为0.75~1.12。H'均较低,依据Shannon-Wiener指数评价标准,黄河河南段水质级别为中度污染。

From May 2013 to March 2014, four quarterly surveys were conducted on to Henan secton of the Yellow River, and the community composition, density, biomass and biodiversity of plankton community were analyzed. A total of 8 phyla （73 genera） of phytoplankton were identified, among which,the number of species of green algae, diatoms and cyanobacteria was the largest,with 24 species （genera） ,23 species（genera）and H species（genera）respectively. There is an obvious seasonal variation of phytoplankton abundance,range：4. 57×10^7（. 73 ×10^4 ind/L,with the largest in summer or autumn,and the minimum in winter; Four categories of 153 kinds of animal plankton were identified,- mong which,there were 51 species of protozoa,72 species of rotifers,24 species of Cladocera and 6 spe-cies of copepods. The average abundance was 6. 32 ×10^2 ind. /L . The sequence of species richness isautumn 〉 spring 〉 summer 〉 winter. The Shannon -Wiener index phytoplankton variation range is0. 78-1. 89 in Henan section of the Yellow River, and the variation range of zooplankton is 0. 7 5 -1. 12. H＇ is low, according to the Shannon-Wiener index evaluation standard, the water quality of Henan section of the Yellow River is moderately polluted.