“自然”的传统与人的政治性的现实

The traditional relation of “nature” and human political reality

亚里士多德在《尼各马可伦理学》中讨论了公正的问题,他区分出"约定的公正"和"自然的公正"来一同说明政治的公正。但对这两种公正本身的界定却保留了一定的模糊性,故此引发了"自然"与"习俗"的立场之争、"自然"区别于"约定"之争等。古典"自然"概念实际上是作为存在意义上的对人的政治性现实的规定。而"自然的公正"和"约定的公正"之间的双重关系被显现,实际上为何为"人"的"自然"以及"自然"概念所具有的双重涵义能够重新被转变为现代人的政治现实提供了一条可能的道路。

In The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle shed light on ＂justice＂, which he distinguished into two kinds： conventional justice and natural justice. Nevertheless, there existed certain ambiguity in the definitions of the two kinds themselves, which triggered some debates between ＂nature＂ and ＂convention＂, and over their distinctions. Actually, the classic concept of ＂nature＂ stipulates the human nature of the political reality in the existential sense. Revealing the dual relation between ＂natural justice＂ and ＂conventional justice＂ essentially points out a feasible way for what is ＂nature＂ of man and for the political reality in which the dual connotation that ＂nature＂ holds can be transformed into modern man.