公众参与权利的二元性区分——以环境行政公众参与法律规范为分析对象

The binary structure of public participation rights: Focusing on the legal norms of public participation in the environmental administration

公众参与的"公众"包括"有利害关系的公众"和"无利害关系的公众"两种不同的主体,这两种类型的主体的参与权利的具体规则是有所不同的。"有利害关系的公众"在环境行政程序中享有行政正当程序的相关权利,并且享有实体法上的请求权。"无利害关系的公众"中,由法律授权的环保组织也享有正当程序相关的参与权利。参与权利的行使需要进行程序的制约,方能实现公众参与与行政效能的平衡。只有贯彻公众参与权利的二元性区分原理,方能解决我国环境公众参与中作为参与权利核心的狭义参与权的空心化状态,建立具体的、可实施的环境公众参与规范。

＂The public＂ and ＂the public concerned＂ are two different subjects, and the participation rights in the administrative procedure of ＂the public＂ and ＂the public concerned＂ are also different. ＂The public concerned＂ are endowed with the rights related to administrative due process and the substantial law rights to claim. Among the ＂the public＂, only the environmental NGOs are endowed with the rights related to administrative due process. The implementation of public participation rights should be restricted by the procedure to balance the public participation and administrative effectiveness. The binary structure of public participation rights should be applied in the legal interpretation of environmental norms and future environmental legislations, to deal with the hollowing-out of the participation rights in the narrow sense and to establish specific and enforceable right rules of public participation rights.