“学案导学”在心电图教学中的应用体会

Application of "Learning Plan Guidance" to Electrocardiogram Teaching

心电图是利用心电图机从体表记录心脏每一心动周期所产生的电活动变化图形的技术,是目前临床上应用最普遍的心血管疾病检查的手段之一。心电图可以分析与鉴别各种心律失常,反映心肌受损的程度和发展过程,心房、心室的功能结构情况,也是对危重患者进行有效抢救的重要依据。在心电图的教学中,多数学生认为心电图理论内容多、抽象、课时少、难学难懂。尤其是护理专业的学生,在学习心电图时多数认为读懂心电图是医生应该掌握的,和他们要从事的工作关系不大,不太重视学习心电图。但是,医学模式的转变,护理模式也相应发生变化,护士不再是单一的医嘱执行者。这就要求护士必须掌握心电图的基本知识和基本操作技能、正常心电图、异常心电图的特点,能识图做出判断。传统的教学方法是以教师为主体,实行"满堂灌"的教学模式,学生在一堂课的时间内接受大量的信息,节奏快,难度大,学生对心电图的学习很快失去兴趣。"学案导学"是以学案为载体、以导学为方法、以教师指导为主导、学生自主学习为主体、师生共同完成教学任务的一种教学模式。其优点是发挥学生的主观能动性,加强学生学法指导,培养学生自学能力。

Electrocardiogram（ECG） is a technology of using an electrocardiograph to record the graphs of electricalactivity changes of the heart during each cardiac cycle,and it is one of the most widely applied methods to examinecardiovascular disease in clinic at present. An electrocardiogram can help analyze and identify various types ofarrhythmias and reflect the extent and progression of myocardial damage and the functional structure of the atria andventricles,and it is an important basis for effective rescue of critical patients. In electrocardiogram teaching,most of thestudents complain that electrocardiogram＇s theoretical content is massive,abstract,the class hours are few,and it is difficultto learn and understand. Especially,while learning electrocardiograms,not a few Nursing students think it＇s a doctor＇s jobto read electrocardiograms and it has little to do with their work as a nurse,so they don＇t attach importance to learningelectrocardiograms. However,as the medical model changes,the nursing model changes accordingly;Nurses are no longermerely the executor of the doctor＇s orders,and this requires nurses to master the basic knowledge and basic operatingskills of electrocardiogram,know the characteristics of normal electrocardiogram and abnormal electrocardiogram,andmake judgment according to the electrocardiograms. The traditional teaching method is oriented by teachers andimplements a ＂cramming＂ teaching model,where students are expected to receive a lot of information in one class,whichis rather fast-paced and difficult,and consequently the students soon lose interest in learning electrocardiogram.＂Learning plan guidance＂ is a teaching model with learning plan as a carrier,guidance on learning as a method,theteacher＇s guidance as the orientation and students＇ autonomous learning as the core,where the teacher and the studentsaccomplish the teaching task together. Its advantage is that it can give play to the students＇ subjective initiative,strengthenlearning method guidance,and cultivate the students＇ self-study ability.