羊主效多胎基因的研究现状

A research progress onmajor prolificacy genes in sheep

排卵数和每窝仔数是羊的重要繁殖性状,具有很高的经济价值。但繁殖性状是低遗传力性状,按传统方法改良和提高家畜繁殖力,遗传进展缓慢,改良效果不佳。所以将传统改良和利用遗传标记的辅助选择(MAS)结合起来,找到与繁殖性能相关的基因,并将其作为遗传标记或直接导入其他品种羊中均可以有效地提高选择效果。现已经有众多研究人员在多种羊品种中发现了多个对生殖性状(包括排卵数和每窝仔数)具有重要影响的基因,如BMPR1B、BMP15、GDF9以及B4GALNT2等。本文对这些影响不同羊品种多产性及其遗传多样性的主要基因及其突变进行了综述。

Ovulation rate and litter size are important reproductive characters of sheep and are of high economic value.However,the heritability of reproductive traits is not high.The genetic progress is slow,and the improvement effect is unsatisfactory when using traditional methods to improve the fecundity.The combination of traditional methods and genetic marker assisted selection（MAS）can greatly improve the selection effect,in which we use the genes related to reproductive characters as genetic marker or directly imported into other varieties of sheep.Many researchers have found a number of genessuch as BMPR1 B,BMP15,GDF9 and B4 GALNT2 that have important effects on reproductive traits（including ovulation rate and litter size）in a variety of sheep breeds.This article reviews several major genes and mutationthat affect the multiplicity of different sheep breeds and their genetic diversity.