叶面施肥对6个海棠品种复壮效果研究

Study on Effects of Foliar Application on Rejuvenation of 6 Crabapple Cultivars

北京植物园海棠园是重要的专类园,近年来部分品种出现了长势弱、开花不良的现象,为了解决这些问题,本试验针对‘红哨兵’、‘玫瑰柱’、‘春喜’、‘白兰地’、‘八棱’、‘红玉’等6个品种,进行叶面施肥处理,以期达到复壮的目的。处理后,测定当年叶片养分含量,调查分析次年开花状况和叶绿素含量。结果发现:(1)叶面喷施KH2PO4有助于‘玫瑰柱’、‘春喜’当年叶片P、K含量积累,有利于次年增大花径、花序密度,次年增加‘红哨兵’、‘白兰地’的叶片叶绿素含量;(2)叶面喷施KNO3能提高‘八棱’当年叶片中K含量和次年新叶的叶绿素含量,对‘八棱’的复壮效果明显;(3)叶面喷施"锐力3000"有机水溶肥料能延长‘红玉’的花期。叶面施肥对6个海棠品种的复壮具有促进作用。

Beijing Botanical Garden preserves various valuable crabapple cultivars. However, some species failed to growwell in recent years. To promote growth of crabapple cultivars, foliar fertilization was sprayed on 6 crabapple cultivars（ Malus.‘Red Sentinel’, M.‘Velvet Pillar’, M.‘Indian Summer’, M.‘Brandywine’, M.‘Micromalus Makino’, M.‘Red Jade’）.The content of nutrient elements in leaves were detected. Features of flowering and content of chlorophyll were analysed.The results were： （1） Foliar application with KH2PO4 solution increased the content of P, K in the leaves of M.‘Velvet Pillar’and M.‘Indian Summer’. The flower size and inflorescence density of M.‘Velvet Pillar’ and M.‘Indian Summer’ were biggerthan CK. KH2PO4 could increase the chlorophyll content of M.‘Red Sentinel’ and M.‘Brandywine’; （2） Foliar applicationwith KNO3 solution had obvious effects on the rejuvenation of M.‘Micromalus Makino’. The content of K and chlorophyllwere increased. （3） Foliar application with ‘Ruili 3000’ organic water soluble fertilizer prolonged flowering period of M.‘RedJade’. Foliar fertilization promoted the rejuvenation of the 6 crabapple cultivars.