增施钾肥对大蒜生长发育、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Increased Application of Potassium Fertilizer on Growth and Development, Yield and Quality of Garlic

本文在常规施肥量的基础上,采用大田钾肥基施的方式研究了增施不同用量钾肥对"徐蒜917"生理特性与产量的影响。结果表明,增施钾肥均有利于大蒜返青期至鳞茎膨大期地上部的生长,提高根系活力;鳞茎膨大期,增施钾肥处理的大蒜叶、鳞茎和根中可溶性蛋白含量均增加;至大蒜采收前,增施钾肥处理的鳞茎中可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白含量均明显提高,且以K_2O 262.5 kg·hm^(-2)效果最佳。施用K_2O 262.5 kg·hm^(-2)可显著提高一级蒜比例和大蒜产量。综合所有指标表明,K_2O施用总量262.5 kg·hm^(-2)为大蒜最适钾肥用量。

On the basis of conventional fertilizer application, the effects of increasing potassium （K） fertilizers onphysiological characteristics and yield of“XuSuan917”were studied by using the method of basal application. The resultsshowed that increasing K fertilizer treatments all benefited the top growth and enhanced the root activity of garlic fromreviving stage to the bulb inflating stage. At bulb inflating stage, the soluble protein contents in leaves, bulb and root of garlicincreased under increasing K fertilizer treatments. Before harvest, increasing K fertilizers significantly induced the increaseof the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in bulb, especially under K2O 262.5 kg·hm-2. Moreover, under thetreatment of K2O 262.5 kg·hm^-2, the yield and proportion of first grade bulbs increased significantly. All the results indicatedthat the optimum total amount of potassium fertilizer （K2O） applied in garlic was 262.5 kg·hm^-2.