免疫细胞可塑性与免疫病理机制研究进展

Research progress on immune cell plasticity and immune pathogenesis

免疫细胞是由造血干细胞发育分化而来,是免疫应答的主要执行者。在不同应激或免疫病理状态下,免疫细胞具有较强的可塑性潜能,能够转分化形成不同类型的免疫细胞亚群。转分化的免疫细胞执行特定的免疫功能,从而调控疾病的演进过程。近年来研究发现,终末分化的免疫细胞亚群之间能够互相转换,实现类型和功能的转变,即转分化。目前发现T细胞、固有淋巴样细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞等均存在细胞类型转分化的现象,细胞的转分化调控着疾病的发生发展进程。免疫细胞的可塑性与感染、肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病等都有密切联系。因此,揭示免疫细胞的可塑性调控机制将为深入理解免疫相关疾病的发生发展进程提供重要的理论依据,并为疾病的干预提供新策略。本文拟将对免疫细胞可塑性的主要细胞类型、免疫细胞可塑性调节机制以及免疫细胞可塑性与疾病等作一综述。

The establishment of immune system is an orchestrated process from hematopoietic stem cells to immune effector cells. Hematopoietic stem cells development into variety of immune cell subsets with high pluripotency. However,effector immune cells possess specific function with limited pluripotency. Recently,researchers found that differentiated immune cells were able to transdifferentiate to other cell types accompanied with the conversion of effector functions. The plasticity of immune cell subsets were confirmed in many subsets such as T cell,innate lymphoid cell,macrophage,neutrophil and so on. The transdifferentiation of immune cells is accompanied with the process of many diseases. Study on plasticity of immune cells will provide important theoretic basis to clinic trail. In this review,we summarized the subsets,regulatory mechanism,and related diseases about immune cell plasticity.