租赁、借用情形下机动车交通事故侵权责任研究——兼评《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》49条

On Tort Liability of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents under Situation of Leasehold or Borrowing:Comment on the 49th Article of TortLawofthePeople's Republic of China

我国对"运行支配和运行利益"的标准的理解与德国法、日本法迥异,在国内众说纷纭,莫衷一是。如果认为《侵权责任法》第49条采用该标准,将导致其与道路交通安全法的冲突。应当从物件责任与行为责任二元范式界定租借机动车交通事故侵权责任主体,"机动车所有人"应作扩大解释,除所有权人,还应涵盖合法占有人;"机动车使用人"则应限缩解释为驾驶人。同时,"机动车所有人"根据过错承担"相应的"责任应当就主观状态不同与"使用人"一起承担连带责任或不真正补充责任。

The understanding of the standard of ＂operating domination and interests＂ in our country is absolutely different from that in German law or Japanese law. If the standard should be adopted by the49th article of Tort Law of the Peoples Republic o f China , a contradiction with Road Traffic Safety Law should have appeared. It is necessary to define the subject of tort liability in the motor vehicle traffic acii- dents under situation of leasehold or borrowing from the dual paradigm of object liability and behavior lia-bility. The explanation of ＂the owner of a motor vehicle＂ should be expanded. The legal occupants should be included besides the owner. ＂The user of a motor vehicle＂ should be defined as the the owner of a motor vehicle＂ who bears the corresponding liability according to the fault should be jointly or severally liable with the users or have no real additional liability in terms of different subjective states.