中国居民获得感影响因素研究——基于经济激励、国家供给与个体特质的视角

Market Incentives,National Supply and Individual Characteristics:A Study of Chinese Inhabitants' Sense of Gain

本文根据2013年中国社会状况综合调查数据,从市场激励、国家供给和个体特质等三个层面探讨了我国居民获得感的影响因素。研究结果显示,市场激励因素中的绝对收入和相对收入对居民获得感都有显著的正向影响,且相对收入会稀释绝对收入的作用效果;随着改革的深入,居民对包括社会保障和社会公平等在内的国家供给层面因素的诉求愈发强烈,并深刻影响着其获得感知;个体特质因素中的信任倾向和情绪体验也对居民的获得感施加着显著的影响——信任和积极情绪越高的居民,其获得感越高,而消极情绪倾向则会显著抑制居民的获得感知。

This article built a relative systematic explanation framework on factors affecting the sense of gain,including market incentives,the national supply,and individual characteristics. Based on the general social survey of 2013（ CSS2013）,this article empirically studied the affecting factors of the sense of gain of Chinese residents. The results showed that both absolute and relative income have significant positive influences on residents’ sense of gain whereas the relative income dilutes the effect of absolute income. With the deepening of reform,the appeal of the public to the state supply,social security and social justice,has become more and more intense,which has a profound impact on the residents’ perception of gaining. As the basic interior individual characteristics,the higher the trust tendency,the higher the positive emotion,the higher the sense of gain; while the negative emotional tendency significantly inhibited the individual’s perception of gain.