民族意识·本体意识·文体意识——中国悲剧诗学的现代性复调

National Consciousness,Ontological Consciousness and Stylistic Consciousness:The Ambivalent Modernity of Chinese Tragedy Poetics

悲剧诗学在现代中国的文化语境中蕴含着差异和矛盾。民族意识,是倡导戏曲改良的维新派思想家悲剧观的核心,体现了民族主义的张扬与文化认同危机之间的矛盾。王国维的悲剧诗学侧重于对悲剧精神的形上观照,透露出强烈的关注个体生存困境的哲学本体意识。朱光潜的悲剧理论强调悲剧艺术形式的纯粹性,预言了悲剧的现代衰亡,具有明确的文体意识。在中国现代美学形成和发展的最初阶段,悲剧观念呈现出民族性与个体性、功利性与超越性、启蒙的他律与审美的自律之间的矛盾。

The tragedy concepts contain the difference and contradiction in the cultural circumstance of modern China. The national consciousness is the main idea about the drama improvement of the enlightened thinkers,which contains the antinomy between nationalism and the cultural crisis of identity. The concept of Wang Guowei laid particular emphasis on the tragedy spirit,which showed light on the dilemma of individuals. Zhu Guangqian’s tragedy viewpoint emphasized the pure tragedy art form,having the explicit literary style consciousness. At the first stage of the Chinese modern aesthetics,the tragedy concepts presented the antinomy between nationality and individuality,utilitarianism and anti-utilitarianism,heteronomy of enlightening and autonomy of aesthetics.