晚清官绅在地方防卫中对民间势力的整合——以太平天国运动下的徽州团练为例

The of Local Defense Force Integration by the Officials and Gentlemen:Focus on Huizhou Militia in Taiping Movement

道光末年,花会赌博传入徽州并盛行一时。咸丰三年(1853),太平军初扰徽州,迫于形势,官府将花会党徒招募为团练勇丁,欲以花会之利养团练之勇。徽州官绅由此分裂为支持和反对的两派。而后"徽州暂隶浙江"之议起,两任浙江巡抚均持"接防不接饷"之态度,对花会团勇善加利用。争议之下,徽州各县团练效果不一,筹防局面截然不同。

Huahui gambling had been introduced into Huizhou since the last years of Daoguang Period. In the third year of Xianfeng,the Taiping Army got there,which was forced by the war situation. Daxiu,the magistrate of prefecture,recruited Huahui partisans to be militia soldiers,resulting in that Huahui became associated with war situation. In this condition,Officials and Gentlemen were divided into two parts. The two governors of Zhejiang thought that ＂ Zhejiang should manage Huizhou’s defense,but not its soldier’s pay＂. They not only failed to punish them severely,but took use of warrior of Huahui group. The actual defense state of Huizhou also showed a completely different situation due to different effects of militia training in various counties.