金庸武学工夫论

The Methodology of Martial Arts in Jin Yong's Fictions

武功是武侠小说的关键元素,哪些因素影响了武功习得?经由怎样的过程才能习得高超的武功?关于这一问题的理论思索可谓"武学工夫论"。在金庸小说中,存在着三种类型的"武学工夫论",恰与中国传统文论的三种"文学工夫论"同构:郭靖代表的是勤学苦练的"儒学工夫论",乔峰代表的是发挥禀赋的"道家工夫论",令狐冲代表的是妙悟立成的"禅宗工夫论"。有趣的是,经由不同途径而成为高手的不同侠士,也有着各自鲜明的"江湖价值观":郭靖尽孝尽忠、为国为民;乔峰随性而行,但求心安;令狐冲笑傲江湖、隐逸出世。"武学工夫论"和"江湖价值观"之间有如此紧密的有机联系,可见金庸小说在形式和内容上的一致。但若从金庸小说的生成过程来看,这样一种一致形态很可能不是出于作者的有意设计,而只是一位有着深厚博雅传统文化修养的现代作家不经意间缔造的。

Martial arts are the key element of knight fiction. What influence martial arts？ How can one command high martial arts？ The answers to such questions can be defined as “methodology of martial arts”. In Jin Yong’s fictions, there are three kinds of “methodologies of martial arts”, while there are corresponding structures in traditional Chinese literary thoughts. Guo Jing refects “Confucius Methodology”, which needs hard practice. Qiao Feng is a representative of “Taoist Methodology”, which emphasizes natural talent. Linghu Chong represents “Zen Methodology”, which pays attention to epiphany. Moreover, different knights hold various values： Guo Jing is a patriot and Qiao Feng follows his heart more, while Linghu Chong pursues freedom. Such consistency between “methodology” and “value” reveals a kind of integration between form and content in Jin Yong’s fctions. However, when we think about how Jin Yong’s fctions were produced, we can fnd such consistency is not an intended result but due to the author’s subsidiary consciousness.