孕期营养指导在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用探讨

Application of nutritional guidance during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨在妊娠期糖尿病患者中实施孕期营养指导的作用。方法将我院妇产科门诊2016年1月—11月收治140例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为常规组和指导组各70例。常规组给予常规护理,指导组给予常规护理+孕期营养指导,对比2组干预前后血糖相关指标变化、干预后负性情绪评分、不良妊娠结局发生率。结果干预后2组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)以及糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)均低于干预前,且指导组低于常规组(P<0.05);干预后指导组焦虑和抑郁情绪评分均低于常规组(P<0.05);指导组不良妊娠结局发生率为14.29%,低于常规组的30.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕期营养指导能够有效控制妊娠期糖尿病患者的血糖,改善其情绪状态,还可减少不良妊娠结局发生。

Objective To explore the role of nutritional guidance during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods 140 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus who were treated in obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department of our hospital from January 2016 to November 2016 were selected as the subjects,according to the random number table method,they were divided into the routine group and the guidance group,70 cases in each group. The routine group was given routine nursing intervention,the guidance group was given routine nursing intervention and nutrition guidance during pregnancy,the changes of blood glucose related indexes,negative mood score before and after intervention and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results After intervention,the fasting blood glucose（FBG）,postprandial 2 h blood glucose（2 h PG）and glycosylated hemoglobin（Hb A1 c）in the routine group and the guidance group were lower than those before intervention,and the guidance group was lower than that of the routine group（P〈0.05）.After intervention,anxiety and depression scores in the guidance group were lower than that of routine group（P〈0.05）.The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the guidance group was 14.29%,which was lower than 30.00% of the routine group,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Nutrition guidance during pregnancy can effectively control the blood glucose of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus,improve their emotional state,and it also can reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.