巨噬细胞的异质性在视网膜新生血管中的作用

The role of heterogeneity of macrophages in retinal neovascularization

视网膜血管疾病是临床上一类病因复杂、机制尚不明确的致盲眼病，其主要的病理生理学特征是视网膜新生血管形成。大量的基础研究和临床证据证实，免疫相关巨噬细胞（macrophages，MФ）在视网膜新生血管形成中发挥着重要作用。MФ可分为经典活化的、促炎性的M1型和替代活化的、免疫抑制性的M2型，M2型MФ根据刺激信号和功能的不同又可分为M2a、M2b、M2c 3种。而MФ的不同亚型在视网膜新生血管形成发生发展中的作用还存在争议。因此，明确其不同亚型的具体作用，对深入理解视网膜新生血管形成性疾病的发病机制和临床治疗十分关键。

Retinal vascular diseases are a kind of blindness-caused diseases which etiology and pathogenesis are complex and not yet clear. Its main pathophysiological feature is retinal neovascularization. A large number of basic researches and clinical evidences confirm that macrophages （MФ） and their subtypes play an important role in retinal neovascularization. Macrophages can be divided into two classes： M1-polarized phenotype and M2-polarizedmacrophages （‘classically activated, pro-inflammatory’ and ‘alternatively activated, immunosuppressive’）, and M2 macrophages can be subdivided into three types according to different stimulus signals and functions： M2a, M2b, M2c. However, the role of distinct subtypes of macrophages in the development of retinal neovascularization remains controversial. Therefore, it is crucial for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of retinal neovascularization to clarify the specific role of different subtypes of macrophages. This review mainly summarizes different roles of macrophages and its subtypes in retinal neovascularization.