制造偶像:反思粉丝参与时代的结构性屈从与抵抗——对SNH48组合及其粉丝社群的一项考察

Making Idols:Reflecting Cultural Resistance in the Era of Participatory Fandom——A Case Study on SNH48

本研究关注参与性的粉丝群体。以SNH48组合的文化生产、身体展演及其粉丝互动为现象,通过观察与半结构化访谈相结合的方法,研究当代粉丝文化对特定社会结构的再现,以及其意义生产对特定社会结构的屈从或抵抗和对自身的重塑。研究发现,参与性的粉丝作为受众,能够在一定程度上抵抗文化工业的宰制,对抗精英阶层主导的社会评价,并在一定程度上反抗男性凝视主导之下的性别权力结构。尽管粉丝的反抗中包含着对文化工业和社会结构的屈从,但在制造偶像的过程中,粉丝生产了粉丝文化,并启发了自身多样化的性别和身份认同,进而完成了特定主体意识的唤醒。

This study focuses on participatory fans.Through methods of observation and semi-structured interviews and based on the phenomenon of SNH48＇s cultural production,performance and interaction with fans,the study was conducted to reveal specific social structures reproduced by contemporary fan culture,and the significance of reshaping itself in the process of resisting and submitting to specific social structures.It is found that participatory fans,as audiences,can to a certain extent,resist the dominance of the cultural industry,counter the elite-led social evaluation,and revolt the gender power structure dominated by male gaze.Even if there exists submission to cultural industry and social structure in the fans＇ resistance,fan culture was produced by fans in the process of creating idols,which in turn inspires their consciousness of diversified genders and identities and further awakes specific subjects＇ consciousness.