生态系统论视野下人机交互技术教育应用SWOT分析及对策——以自闭症等特殊儿童教育为例

The SWOT Analysis and Countermeasures for the Application of HCI in Education from the Perspective of Ecosystem——A Case Study of Special Child Education such as Autism

人工智能、虚拟现实、体感交互、"互联网+"等信息技术的发展,深刻地改变了人们生活、学习和工作的方式。技术的应用尤其是针对儿童的早期教育需要慎之又慎。技术和交互式媒介是支持儿童早期学习与发展的有效工具,但其在教育过程中如何被适宜性地使用,以有利于优化促进儿童在认知、社会、情感、生理和语言等方面的发展机会是当下需要关注的问题。该研究利用SWOT态势分析法,深入分析了人机交互技术教育应用的优势、劣势、机会和风险,指出人机交互技术的应用需遵循利用机会,发挥优势,弥补劣势,降低风险的原则,为儿童学习与发展的生态系统提供技术支撑。基于生态学理论和SWOT分析对策,构建了面向特殊儿童的多模态智能化学习平台,并设计了丰富的人机交互学习活动,实践应用表明基于人机交互技术的智能化学习平台在幼儿及自闭症等特殊儿童教育上发展空间巨大,能够有效提高儿童社会适应能力和功能发展。人机交互技术的未来教育应用应以儿童为中心,注重情感策略运用,统筹兼顾家庭、社区、学校及社会等环境因素,增强自然交互方式,丰富学习内容,使得教育回归现实生活,完善应用规范,并提供持续不断的支持与服务,为儿童的健康成长与发展,构建自然、和谐的教育新生态。

The development of information technology such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, physical interaction and ＂Internet ＋＂ has profoundly changed the way of life, study and work of human. The educational application of technology, especially in children＇s early education, needs to be cautious. Technology and interactive media are effective tools to support early childhood learning and development, but how they are used appropriately in the education process to optimize the promotion of children＇s cognitive, social, emotional, physical and linguistic development opportunities is a matter of immediate concern. This research utilizes the SWOT analysis method, analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and risks of the application of human-computer interactive technology, and points out that the application of human-machine interaction technology should follow the principle of utilizing opportunity, exerting advantages, remedying disadvantage and reducing risk, and providing technical support for children＇s learning and developing ecosystem. Based on the ecological theory and SWOT analysis, a multimodal intelligent learning platform for special children is constructed, and rich human-computer interaction learning activities are designed. Empirical study indicates that the intelligent learning platform based on man-machine interaction technology has great development space in the education of special children, such as children with autism, and can effectively improve children＇s social adaptability and functional development. The future educational application of human-computer interaction technology should be child-centered, focus on the use of emotional strategies, take into account the influence of family, community, school, society and other factors. Meanwhile, it must also enhance natural interaction, enrich learning contents, and make education return to real life. Moreover, it also needs to improve the specifications, and provide continuous support and services for the healthy growth and development of children and finally build a natural and harmonious ecology of education.