西藏不同海拔高度儿童肺功能现状

Lung function among schoolchildren living at different altitudes in Tibet

目的调查西藏地区儿童肺功能现状及影响因素,为高海拔地区儿童肺部疾病的诊治与预防提供科学依据。方法对937名生活在三种不同海拔地区的儿童进行肺功能检测。用均值±标准差来描述体质测量指标和肺功能参数在不同性别和不同海拔地区儿童间差异,用线性回归模型分析可能会影响肺功能的因素。结果同年龄段男生的身高、体重、胸围及肺功能参数均高于女生,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男、女生其各项体质指标和肺功能参数均随年龄增长而增高,同时均随海拔升高而增高。在性别、年龄、身高、体重和胸围校正前,生活在海拔相对低的儿童其肺功能值高于海拔相对高的儿童;校正后情况正好相反,生活在海拔相对高的儿童其肺功能值高于海拔相对低的儿童,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生活在不同海拔高度的藏族儿童其肺功能值随着海拔的升高而有所升高,这可能与长期生活在高海拔其适应能力有关。性别、年龄、身高、体重和胸围对大多数肺功能参数均有影响。

Objective To study the status and influencing factors of pulmonary function among children in Tibet and provide scientific evidence for diagnosis and prevention of lung diseases in children living at high altitude.Methods937 children aged 6-14 years were randomly selected from three different elevation areas in this study.Means and standard deviation were used to describe characteristics of anthropometric measures and lung function outcomes,stratified on gender and population groups.Linear regression was done to model the relations between the covariates and lung function values by altitude of residence,the analysis took into account factors that may influence lung function.Results The height,weight,chest circumference and lung function values were higher in boys than girls in the same age group（P〈0.05）.The height,weight,and chest circumference increase with increasing altitude,at the same time,it also increased with altitude.Before adjustment for factors of gender,age,height,weight,and chest circumference,children living at lower altitude had higher lung function values than children living at higher altitude.After adjustment the situation is just the opposite,children living at higher altitude had higher lung function values than children living at lower altitude.All comparisons were statistically significant different between those four groups（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The lung function values increase with increasing altitude.A possible explanation of these findings could be long-term adaptation to high altitude.In addition,sex,height,weight and chest circumference may influence lung function.