微波辐射计对昆明雾天的监测及应用

Monitoring and Application of the Foggy Weather in Kunming by Microwave Radiometer

为分析微波辐射计在雾天探测的气象应用价值,利用昆明机场HTG-4型微波辐射计2016年1-4月的探测数据,参照同址测站逐小时天气纪要,将昆明雾天分为锋面雾和辐射雾两种天气实例,分别从温湿、水汽含量等方面对雾天的监测和分析进行研究。结果表明:(1)辐射计温度的高度廓线随时间的变化能较准确地反映静止锋锋区的空间结构及随时间的演变特征,近地面逆温层的生消与机场辐射雾发生发展消亡的过程吻合;(2)在大雾发生之前,辐射计显示机场区域从地面到空中的相对湿度和绝对湿度都保持在大值区;(3)液态水廓线的变化能反映出雾天发生过程中冷暖平流的变化情况;(4)在大雾发生前半小时,液态水路径会发生突变,综合水汽含量也保持在大值区,可作为预报大雾发生时的重要标准。

In order to analyze the value of the weather detection applications about the microwave radiometer in fog weather. In this paper,by using the data of HTG-4 microwave radiometer of Kunming airport from January to April in2016,we divided the Kunming fog into two weather examples about frontal fog and radiation fog by referring to one by one hour weather report at the station. By rearching the monitoring and analyzing the fog on the aspects of temperature,humidity and water vapour content,the results showed that：（ 1） The radiometer can reflect the temperature change in the process of frontal fog,which corresponds to the movement of the frontal surface. In the process of the development of the radiation fog,the radiometer can accurately calculate the appearance of the inversion layer;（ 2） Before the fog occurring,the radiometer can accurately reflect the humidity,and the amount of the relative humidity and absolute humidity are maintained in the large area;（ 3） The change of liquid water profile can reflect the changes of cold and warm advection in the process of fog that occured;（ 4） Before the fog occurring,the liquid water path will be have a sudden change,and the integrated water vapor content is also maintained in the large value area. It can be used as an important criterion for the prediction of the fog occured.