中国的准违宪审查制度初探

Preliminary Investigation of Quasi-Constitutional Review System in China

传统违宪审查理论建立在分权制衡和防范多数人侵害少数人权利的基础上,难以解释中国的违宪审查制度。法规规章备案审查、法规清理和法院对法规范的合法性审查具有维护法治统一和国家立法权的功能,并且区别于一般意义上的宪法实施和狭义的宪法解释,是中国特有的准违宪审查模式。理解中国的准违宪审查现象也有助于理解启动正式违宪审查程序的约束条件。

Conventional constitutional review theory is based on checks and balances and aims to prevent irrational political majority suppressing political minority. This theory can hardly explain China＇s constitutional review system. In fact,file and review,general normative review and judicial review of legislative norms are the major forms of review system that ensure the superiority of national legislative authority and entrench the integrity of hierarchical legal order. They are significantly distinct from constitutional supervision or constitutional interpretation,and have become the quasi constitutional review Chinese style. Understanding quasi-constitutional review in China will help understand conditions and constraints of formal constitutional review to be enforced in the future.