火的历史重建及其与气候变化和人类活动关系研究进展

Research progress on fire history reconstruction and its implications for climate change and human activities

火是影响生态演化和物质循环的突发性驱动因素之一,在人类文明的进步中也有重要的作用。综述了全球范围内生物质燃料不完全燃烧产物——碳屑、树轮火疤、碳黑、多环芳烃和左旋葡聚糖,应用于火的历史重建的原理、方法及成果。总体而言,在时间尺度上,碳屑、碳黑和左旋葡聚糖多用于重建千年及更长时间尺度的火的历史;树轮火疤一般用于重建近数百年来林火的历史;多环芳烃则主要用于重建近200年(工业革命)以来人类生产生活中火的使用,指示了世界人口的迅猛增长和社会经济的飞速发展。对各种代用指标进行了比较,并分析了火的历史重建的复杂性。火的强度和频率,可反映气候快速变化过程以及气候的干湿程度;全新世以来的火的强度和频率,与人类活动高度相关。今后的研究应注意降低火的历史重建的不确定性,并加深对人类活动与火的历史关系的理解。

Fire plays an paroxysmal-driving role in the earth ecosystem,and is of great significance in the evolution of human civilization.This review has roundly summarized the principles,methods and achievements of fire history reconstruction in a global scale,taking biofuel imcomplete combustion remains as proxies,which include charcoal,black carbon,tree-ring fire scar,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and levoglucosan.In general,on the time scale,charcoal,black carbon and levoglucosan are mostly used as proxies of millennial-scale fire history or longer,tree-ring fire scar is often used for reconstructing forest fire history,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are usually used for reconstructing the fire usage history in human production and living after the Industrial Revolution200 years ago,which demonstrate the quick increasing in human population and rapid development of the social economy.These proxies are compared,and their complexity analyzed in this paper.Fire have close affinities with processes of rapid climate change and wet-dry level of climate,while in the Holocene,they are closely related to human activities of producing and living.In the future research,efforts should be made to reduce the uncertainty of fire history reconstruction.Meanwhile,the relationship between fire history and human activities needs further research.