食品非转基因标识使用的法律规制

The legal regulation on the use of non-GM(O)label on food

食品非转基因标识在中国被广泛使用,信息不对称增加了非转基因标识被滥用的风险,市场机制不足以对其进行调节,且中国对非转基因标识使用的法律规制存在立法规定不细致、司法"不认定"等问题。现有研究也主要针对非转基因广告而不是非转基因标识本身。对比来看,德国、日本、美国均有专门针对食品非转基因标识使用的法律规范,具体规定了可使用非转基因标识的食品范围及要求,通过对非转基因食品进行认证管理以确保使用标识的食品的非转基因身份真实,设置统一的标识形式以确保统一的市场并避免消费者被误导。中国应当借鉴这些共通的经验,食品标识相关的法律法规要专门对非转基因标识的使用设立规范,并细化对非转基因标识的形式要求;构建专门的非转基因食品认证制度,由食品药品监督管理局授权专门认证机构对其进行认证。

Non-GM（O）label is widely used on food in our country.The existence of information asymmetry increase the risk of misuse of non-GM（O）label,while the market mechanism itself can not regulate the misuse.In China,the legislation regulating the non-GM（O）label is not specific,thus misuse of non-GM（O）label was generally not considered to be illegal in judicial decision.Existing research mainly focuses on non-GM（O）advertising instead of non-GM（O）label.By contrast,there are specific legislation which restrict the scope of food on which the non-GM（O）label can be used in Germany,Japan and the United States.The use of Non-GM（O）label is comprehensively regulated through certain authentication management systems which guarantee the identification of food with non-GM（O）label,and the forms of Non-GM（O）label are unified to maintain a single market and avoid the misundestanding of comsumers.The competent authority in China should draw lessons from their common experiences.Special laws and regulations regarding use of non-GM（O）label are supposed to be enacted in China,and the requirements of the non-GM（O）label form should be detailed.Specialized non-GM（O）food certification system which will be managed by the State Food and Drug Administration,is needed to established.