不同水肥处理对菊苣产量和品质的影响

Effect of different water and fertilizer treatments on the yield and quality of Cichorium intybus

为了探究菊苣(Cichorium intybus)在贵州地区合理的水肥管理措施,本研究用正交设计对菊苣进行土壤含水量(20%、30%、40%)、氮肥(300、500、700kg·hm^(-2))、磷肥(300、450、600kg·hm^(-2))、钾肥(100、150、200kg·hm^(-2))4个因素3个水平试验,研究了不同水肥条件对菊苣产量和品质的影响。结果表明:1)在产量方面,不同水肥处理均显著(P<0.05)提高了菊苣鲜草产量,年产量在7.93×104~1.997×105 kg·hm^(-2),且在40%土壤含水量、500kg·hm^(-2)氮肥、300kg·hm^(-2)磷肥、200kg·hm^(-2)钾肥配施的水肥条件下达到最大值(1.997×105 kg·hm^(-2));不同水肥处理后,菊苣产量相比无任何处理对照(4.97×104 kg·hm^(-2))提高了60%~300%;2)在菊苣品质方面,经过不同水肥处理后菊苣粗蛋白含量均显著提高,在30%土壤含水量、500kg·hm^(-2)氮肥、600kg·hm^(-2)磷肥、100kg·hm^(-2)钾肥的水肥条件下达到最高值294.1g·kg-1,相比对照其含量提高一倍多。本研究结果为贵州高产量、高蛋白的菊苣牧草生产提供了生产指导,为贵州畜牧业的快速发展提供了饲草来源和保障。

To investigate the most appropriate water and fertilizer management system for Cichorium intybus,an orthogonal design was used to undertake a three level experiment with four factors：soil moisture content（20%,30%,and 40%）,nitrogenous fertilizer（300,500,and 700 kg·ha^（-1））,phosphate fertilizer（300,450,and 600 kg·ha^（-1））,and potash fertilizer（100,150,and 200 kg·ha^（-1））to study the influence of different water and fertilizer treatments on the yield and quality of C.intybus.The results showed that fresh grass yields of C.intybus were significantly（P0.05）increased in the different water and fertilizer treatments and the annual yield ranged from 7.93×104 kg·ha^（-1） to 1.997×105 kg·ha^（-1）,reaching its maximum（1.997×105 kg·ha^（-1））in the combined application of 40% soil moisture content,500 kg·ha^（-1） nitrogenous fertilizer,300 kg·ha^（-1） phosphate fertilizer,and 200 kg·ha^（-1） potash fertilizer,which increased yield by 60% to 300% compared to that of the control（4.97×104 kg·ha^（-1））.In terms of quality of C.intybus,crude protein content significantly increased in all the different water and fertilizer treatments,and reached a maximum of 294.1 g·kg-1 in the treatment of 30% soil moisture content,500 kg·ha^（-1） nitrogenous fertilizer,600 kg·ha^（-1） phosphate fertilizer,and 100 kg·ha^（-1） potash fertilizer,which increased the crude protein content more than twice that of the control treatment.The above water and fertilizer conditions provide production guidance for high yield and high protein C.intybus forage cultivation in Guizhou and provide forage source and guarantee the rapid development of animal husbandry in Guizhou Province.