川西北高寒地区6个燕麦品种生长特性的比较分析

A comparative analysis of growth characteristics of six oat cultivars in the north-western Sichuan alpine region

为筛选适宜在川西北地区种植的优良燕麦(Avena sativa)品种,对国内外6个燕麦品种(青海444、青引1号、林纳、定燕2号、讴歌、莫妮卡)的生育期、株高、茎粗、产草量、鲜干比、茎叶穗构成及营养成分(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维)进行了品比试验。结果表明,除定燕2号外,其余5个燕麦品种均能完成生育期,其中青海444和青引1号生育期最短,分别为130和133d。供试燕麦的株高在81.53~90.54cm,品种间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。莫妮卡的茎粗最大,为4.35mm;青引1号最小,为3.32mm。林纳干草产量最高,达到10 448.52kg·hm-2;而青引1号最低,仅8 554.81kg·hm-2。青海444和青引1号鲜干比显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。林纳的叶和穗重量占总干物质量的比例最高。林纳粗蛋白含量最高,为7.82%;定燕2号最低,为5.83%。青引1号粗脂肪含量最高,为2.93%;讴歌最低,为2.48%。粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量最高的品种是青海444,分别为4.60%、35.57%和63.27%;含量最低的定燕2号则分别为3.76%、32.00%和54.47%。综合评价分析结果表明,品种林纳和莫妮卡最适宜在该区域推广种植。

To select the best oats（Avena sativa）suitable for planting in the north-western Sichuan region,we assessed the phenological phase,plant height,stem diameter,hay yield,fresh weight/dry weight（FW/DW）ratio,proportion of stem,leaf and ear,and nutrient content（crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber）among six oat cultivars（Qinghai No.444,Qingyin No.1,Lean,Dingyan No.2,Ogle,and Monida）.Results showed that all oat varieties completed their life cycles except for Dingyan No.2.Qinghai No.444 and Qingyin No.1 experienced the shortest growth period,130 and 133 d,respectively.Plant heights of the tested oats ranged from 81.53 to 90.54 cm（P〉0.05）.The stem diameter of Monida was the largest at 4.35 mm,whereas Qingyin No.1 was the smallest at 3.32 mm.The hay yield of Lean was the highest（10 448.52 kg·ha-1）,whereas Qingyin No.1 was the lowest（8 554.81 kg·ha-1）.The FW/DW ratios of Qinghai No.444 and Qingyin No.1 were lower than that of the other varieties（P〈0.05）.Lean had higher leaf and ear proportions than that of the other cultivars.The crude protein content of Lean was 7.82%,which was higher than that of the other oats,whereas Dingyan No.2 had the lowest content（5.83%）.The ether extract content of Qingyin No.1 was 2.93%,which was higher than that of the other oat cultivars,whereas Ogle was the lowest at 2.48%.The crude ash,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber content of Qinghai No.444 was the highest,being 4.60%,35.57%,and 63.27%,respectively.Dingyan No.2 was the lowest among the other oat cultivars,being 3.76%,32.00%,and 54.47%.Based on results from the comprehensive evaluation analysis,Lean and Monida were the most suitable cultivars for promotion in the north-western Sichuan region.