术后认知功能障碍的影响因素

Influencing Factors of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

术后认知功能障碍(POCD)是手术后常出现的中枢神经系统并发症,主要表现为认知功能衰减,尤其多发于老年人,但其症状多样,极易引起忽视,从而造成住院时间延长、生活质量下降等。近年来由于老年患者手术量的提升,POCD也成了一个严重的社会问题。POCD的发生原因是多因素的,应用整合思想完善POCD的发生机制可早期预防、早期诊断、早期干预,然而其确切的影响因素尚未确定,手术、麻醉、术前基础疾病、基因、大脑微栓子以及术后镇痛等均会影响POCD的进展。

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction（ POCD） is a common complication of central nervous system,especially in elder patients,manifesting as declined cognitive function. Because of the diversity of the symptoms,it could be easily ignored,which may prolong the hospital stay and lower the quality of life. With the increasing of operations of the aged patients,POCD has also become a serious social problem. The causes of POCD is multifactorial,completing the pathogenesis with integrated thoughts,may contribute to the early prevention,diagnosis and intervention. However,its influencing factors have not yet been determined,operation,anaesthesia,preoperative basic diseases,genes,cerebral microembolism and postoperative analgesia can all affect the progress of POCD.